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2026gaokaozhiyuan/deploy/backend/app.py
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2026-06-24 13:11:34 +08:00
"""
高考志愿家庭门户 — Flask 后端
功能: 问卷 API + SQLite 数据存储 + 多成员结果汇总
数据库表:
- questionnaires: 问卷定义(标题、描述、题目 JSON)
- responses: 成员提交的答卷(成员名、问卷ID、答案 JSON、提交时间)
"""
import sqlite3
import json
import os
from datetime import datetime, timezone, timedelta
from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
from flask_cors import CORS
# ==================== 应用初始化 ====================
app = Flask(__name__)
CORS(app) # 允许前端跨域请求(Nginx 反向代理场景也需要)
# 数据库路径:挂载卷 /app/data/gaokao.db
DB_PATH = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "data", "gaokao.db")
# 上海时区
CST = timezone(timedelta(hours=8))
def get_db():
"""获取数据库连接(每次请求新建,自动提交)"""
conn = sqlite3.connect(DB_PATH)
conn.row_factory = sqlite3.Row # 让查询结果可以用列名访问
conn.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL") # WAL 模式提升并发性能
conn.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON")
return conn
def init_db():
"""初始化数据库表(幂等操作——表不存在才创建)"""
conn = get_db()
conn.executescript("""
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS questionnaires (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
title TEXT NOT NULL, -- 问卷标题
description TEXT, -- 问卷说明
questions TEXT NOT NULL, -- 题目列表(JSON 数组)
target_user TEXT DEFAULT '天恒', -- 目标填写人:天恒 / 父母
created_at TEXT DEFAULT (datetime('now', 'localtime'))
);
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS responses (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
questionnaire_id INTEGER NOT NULL, -- 关联问卷
user_name TEXT NOT NULL, -- 填写人姓名(如"爸爸""天恒"
answers TEXT NOT NULL, -- 答案(JSON 对象: {题号: 答案}
created_at TEXT DEFAULT (datetime('now', 'localtime')),
FOREIGN KEY (questionnaire_id) REFERENCES questionnaires(id)
);
""")
conn.commit()
# 迁移:为已有表添加 target_user 列(如果不存在)
try:
conn.execute("ALTER TABLE questionnaires ADD COLUMN target_user TEXT DEFAULT '天恒'")
conn.commit()
except sqlite3.OperationalError:
pass # 列已存在
# 独立测评结果表(霍兰德/MBTI 自评HTML提交)
conn.executescript("""
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS standalone_results (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
test_name TEXT NOT NULL, -- 'holland''mbti'
user_name TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '天恒',
result TEXT NOT NULL, -- JSON: 霍兰德三字母代码 或 MBTI四字母类型
full_data TEXT, -- JSON: 完整结果数据
created_at TEXT DEFAULT (datetime('now', 'localtime'))
);
""")
conn.close()
# ==================== API 路由 ====================
@app.route("/api/health")
def health():
"""健康检查(用于确认服务启动成功)"""
return jsonify({"status": "ok", "time": datetime.now(CST).isoformat()})
@app.route("/api/questionnaires", methods=["GET"])
def list_questionnaires():
"""获取所有问卷列表"""
conn = get_db()
rows = conn.execute(
"SELECT id, title, description, target_user, created_at FROM questionnaires ORDER BY id"
).fetchall()
conn.close()
return jsonify([dict(r) for r in rows])
@app.route("/api/questionnaire/<int:qid>", methods=["GET"])
def get_questionnaire(qid):
"""获取单个问卷的完整内容(含所有题目)"""
conn = get_db()
row = conn.execute(
"SELECT * FROM questionnaires WHERE id = ?", (qid,)
).fetchone()
conn.close()
if not row:
return jsonify({"error": "问卷不存在"}), 404
result = dict(row)
# questions 在数据库中存储为 JSON 字符串,解析后返回
result["questions"] = json.loads(result["questions"])
return jsonify(result)
@app.route("/api/questionnaire/<int:qid>/submit", methods=["POST"])
def submit_response(qid):
"""
提交问卷答案
请求体 JSON: {"user_name": "爸爸", "answers": {"1": "A", "2": "B", ...}}
设计考量:
- 同一用户对同一问卷可以多次提交(保留最新+历史记录)
- user_name 用于区分不同家庭成员
"""
data = request.get_json()
if not data:
return jsonify({"error": "请求体为空"}), 400
user_name = data.get("user_name", "").strip()
answers = data.get("answers", {})
if not user_name:
return jsonify({"error": "请填写您的称呼(如:爸爸、妈妈、天恒)"}), 400
if not answers:
return jsonify({"error": "请至少回答一题"}), 400
# 验证问卷是否存在
conn = get_db()
q = conn.execute("SELECT id FROM questionnaires WHERE id = ?", (qid,)).fetchone()
if not q:
conn.close()
return jsonify({"error": "问卷不存在"}), 404
# 插入答卷(JSON 序列化答案对象)
conn.execute(
"INSERT INTO responses (questionnaire_id, user_name, answers) VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
(qid, user_name, json.dumps(answers, ensure_ascii=False))
)
conn.commit()
conn.close()
return jsonify({"success": True, "message": f"{user_name} 的答卷已保存"})
@app.route("/api/results/<int:qid>", methods=["GET"])
def view_results(qid):
"""
查看某问卷的所有答卷(按时间倒序)
返回包含解析后的 answers 字段
"""
conn = get_db()
rows = conn.execute(
"""SELECT id, questionnaire_id, user_name, answers, created_at
FROM responses
WHERE questionnaire_id = ?
ORDER BY created_at DESC""",
(qid,)
).fetchall()
conn.close()
results = []
for r in rows:
d = dict(r)
d["answers"] = json.loads(d["answers"])
results.append(d)
return jsonify(results)
@app.route("/api/results/<int:qid>/summary", methods=["GET"])
def view_summary(qid):
"""
查看某问卷的汇总分析
对于选择题问卷(如 Holland 评估),按选项计算得分/分布
对于偏好问卷,展示每个成员的答案对比
"""
conn = get_db()
qrow = conn.execute(
"SELECT questions FROM questionnaires WHERE id = ?", (qid,)
).fetchone()
if not qrow:
conn.close()
return jsonify({"error": "问卷不存在"}), 404
questions = json.loads(qrow["questions"])
rows = conn.execute(
"""SELECT user_name, answers, created_at
FROM responses
WHERE questionnaire_id = ?
ORDER BY created_at DESC""",
(qid,)
).fetchall()
conn.close()
# 构建汇总:每个成员 × 每道题
members = {}
for r in rows:
name = r["user_name"]
answers = json.loads(r["answers"])
members[name] = {
"answers": answers,
"submitted_at": r["created_at"]
}
return jsonify({
"questionnaire_id": qid,
"question_count": len(questions),
"member_count": len(members),
"members": members
})
# ==================== 报告生成 API ====================
@app.route("/api/report/<int:qid>", methods=["GET"])
def generate_report(qid):
"""
生成问卷分析报告(核心功能)
- Holland评估:生成六维雷达图数据 + 职业推荐
- 偏好问卷:生成差异分析 + 共识点
- 支持导出为后续分析可用的JSON格式
"""
conn = get_db()
qrow = conn.execute(
"SELECT * FROM questionnaires WHERE id = ?", (qid,)
).fetchone()
if not qrow:
conn.close()
return jsonify({"error": "问卷不存在"}), 404
questions = json.loads(qrow["questions"])
rows = conn.execute(
"""SELECT user_name, answers, created_at
FROM responses
WHERE questionnaire_id = ?
ORDER BY created_at DESC""",
(qid,)
).fetchall()
conn.close()
if not rows:
return jsonify({"error": "暂无答卷数据", "message": "请先填写问卷"}), 400
# 解析所有答卷
members = {}
for r in rows:
name = r["user_name"]
answers = json.loads(r["answers"])
members[name] = {
"answers": answers,
"submitted_at": r["created_at"]
}
# 根据问卷类型生成报告
report = {
"questionnaire_id": qid,
"questionnaire_title": qrow["title"],
"generated_at": datetime.now(CST).isoformat(),
"member_count": len(members),
"report_type": None,
"data": {},
"conclusions": [],
"next_input": {} # 供后续分析使用的结构化数据
}
# Holland 评估报告(问卷ID=1
if qid == 1:
report["report_type"] = "holland"
report["data"], report["conclusions"], report["next_input"] = _generate_holland_report(members, questions)
# 院校偏好问卷报告(问卷ID=2
elif qid == 2:
report["report_type"] = "preference"
report["data"], report["conclusions"], report["next_input"] = _generate_preference_report(members, questions)
# 家庭期望问卷报告(问卷ID=3
elif qid == 3:
report["report_type"] = "expectation"
report["data"], report["conclusions"], report["next_input"] = _generate_expectation_report(members, questions)
else:
report["report_type"] = "generic"
report["data"] = {"members": list(members.keys())}
return jsonify(report)
def _generate_holland_report(members, questions):
"""生成 Holland 职业兴趣报告"""
# RIASEC 六维定义
riasec_dims = ["R", "I", "A", "S", "E", "C"]
riasec_names = {
"R": "现实型", "I": "研究型", "A": "艺术型",
"S": "社会型", "E": "企业型", "C": "常规型"
}
# 计算每个成员的维度得分
results = {}
for name, data in members.items():
answers = data["answers"]
scores = {dim: 0 for dim in riasec_dims}
count = {dim: 0 for dim in riasec_dims}
for q_id, answer in answers.items():
q_num = int(q_id.replace("q", ""))
# 题目1-4: R, 5-8: I, 9-12: A, 13-16: S, 17-20: E, 21-24: C
if 1 <= q_num <= 4:
dim = "R"
elif 5 <= q_num <= 8:
dim = "I"
elif 9 <= q_num <= 12:
dim = "A"
elif 13 <= q_num <= 16:
dim = "S"
elif 17 <= q_num <= 20:
dim = "E"
else:
dim = "C"
scores[dim] += int(answer) if answer.isdigit() else 3
count[dim] += 1
# 计算平均分
avg_scores = {
dim: round(scores[dim] / count[dim], 1) if count[dim] > 0 else 0
for dim in riasec_dims
}
results[name] = avg_scores
# 差异分析
all_dims_avg = {dim: 0 for dim in riasec_dims}
for dim in riasec_dims:
total = sum(results[m][dim] for m in results)
all_dims_avg[dim] = round(total / len(results), 1) if results else 0
# 职业推荐(取Top3维度)
conclusions = []
for name, scores in results.items():
sorted_dims = sorted(scores.items(), key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)
top3 = [f"{d[0]}({riasec_names[d[0]]}:{d[1]})" for d in sorted_dims[:3]]
conclusions.append({
"member": name,
"top_dims": top3,
"career_type": "".join([d[0] for d in sorted_dims[:3]])
})
# 后续分析输入
next_input = {
"holland_code": conclusions[0]["career_type"] if conclusions else "",
"primary_type": riasec_names.get(conclusions[0]["career_type"][0], "") if conclusions else "",
"dimension_scores": results,
"family_avg": all_dims_avg
}
return {"dimension_scores": results, "family_avg": all_dims_avg}, conclusions, next_input
def _generate_preference_report(members, questions):
"""生成院校偏好报告"""
# 分析每个问题的答案分布
question_analysis = {}
for q_id, data in members.items():
answers = data["answers"]
for q, ans in answers.items():
if q not in question_analysis:
question_analysis[q] = {}
question_analysis[q][q_id] = ans
# 差异点识别
conflicts = []
consensus = []
for q, ans_dict in question_analysis.items():
unique_ans = set(ans_dict.values())
if len(unique_ans) > 1:
conflicts.append({"question": q, "answers": ans_dict})
else:
consensus.append({"question": q, "answer": list(unique_ans)[0]})
conclusions = [
{"type": "conflict", "count": len(conflicts), "details": conflicts[:3]},
{"type": "consensus", "count": len(consensus), "details": consensus[:3]}
]
# 后续分析输入
next_input = {
"conflict_count": len(conflicts),
"consensus_count": len(consensus),
"key_conflicts": [c["question"] for c in conflicts[:3]]
}
return {"conflicts": conflicts, "consensus": consensus}, conclusions, next_input
def _generate_expectation_report(members, questions):
"""生成家庭期望对齐报告"""
# 类似偏好报告,但强调开放式问题
text_answers = {}
choice_answers = {}
for name, data in members.items():
answers = data["answers"]
for q, ans in answers.items():
if len(str(ans)) > 50: # 开放式长文本
text_answers.setdefault(q, {})[name] = ans
else:
choice_answers.setdefault(q, {})[name] = ans
# 核心差异
conflicts = []
for q, ans_dict in choice_answers.items():
if len(set(ans_dict.values())) > 1:
conflicts.append({"question": q, "answers": ans_dict})
conclusions = [
{"type": "text_response", "count": len(text_answers)},
{"type": "choice_conflict", "count": len(conflicts), "details": conflicts[:3]}
]
next_input = {
"text_count": len(text_answers),
"choice_conflicts": len(conflicts),
"requires_discussion": [c["question"] for c in conflicts[:3]]
}
return {"text": text_answers, "choices": choice_answers}, conclusions, next_input
@app.route("/api/export/<int:qid>", methods=["GET"])
def export_report(qid):
"""
导出报告为JSON(供后续分析使用)
"""
import io
conn = get_db()
qrow = conn.execute("SELECT * FROM questionnaires WHERE id = ?", (qid,)).fetchone()
if not qrow:
conn.close()
return jsonify({"error": "问卷不存在"}), 404
rows = conn.execute(
"SELECT user_name, answers, created_at FROM responses WHERE questionnaire_id = ?",
(qid,)
).fetchall()
conn.close()
members = {}
for r in rows:
members[r["user_name"]] = {
"answers": json.loads(r["answers"]),
"submitted_at": r["created_at"]
}
# 导出结构
export_data = {
"questionnaire": dict(qrow),
"responses": members,
"exported_at": datetime.now(CST).isoformat(),
"version": "1.0"
}
# 返回JSON下载
return jsonify(export_data)
# ==================== 独立测评提交 API(霍兰德/MBTI ====================
@app.route("/api/standalone/submit", methods=["POST"])
def submit_standalone():
"""
接收独立HTML自评测试的结果提交
请求体 JSON: {"test_name": "holland", "user_name": "天恒", "result": "RIC", "full_data": {...}}
"""
data = request.get_json()
if not data:
return jsonify({"error": "请求体为空"}), 400
test_name = data.get("test_name", "").strip()
user_name = data.get("user_name", "天恒").strip()
result = data.get("result", "").strip()
full_data = data.get("full_data", {})
if test_name not in ("holland", "mbti"):
return jsonify({"error": "test_name 必须为 holland 或 mbti"}), 400
if not result:
return jsonify({"error": "请提供 result"}), 400
conn = get_db()
# 同一用户同一测试的最新结果(替换旧结果)
conn.execute(
"INSERT INTO standalone_results (test_name, user_name, result, full_data) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)",
(test_name, user_name, result, json.dumps(full_data, ensure_ascii=False))
)
conn.commit()
conn.close()
return jsonify({"success": True, "message": f"{test_name} 结果已保存"})
@app.route("/api/standalone/status", methods=["GET"])
def standalone_status():
"""查询独立测评完成状态"""
conn = get_db()
rows = conn.execute(
"""SELECT test_name, user_name, result, created_at
FROM standalone_results
ORDER BY created_at DESC"""
).fetchall()
conn.close()
status = {"holland": None, "mbti": None}
for r in rows:
name = r["test_name"]
if status[name] is None: # 取最新一条
status[name] = {
"completed": True,
"user_name": r["user_name"],
"result": r["result"],
"completed_at": r["created_at"]
}
for k in status:
if status[k] is None:
status[k] = {"completed": False}
return jsonify(status)
# ==================== 完成状态总览 API ====================
@app.route("/api/completion-status", methods=["GET"])
def completion_status():
"""
返回所有6个测评的完成状态总览
"""
conn = get_db()
# 1. 4份API问卷状态
q_rows = conn.execute(
"""SELECT q.id, q.title, q.target_user,
(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM responses r WHERE r.questionnaire_id = q.id) as response_count
FROM questionnaires q
ORDER BY q.id"""
).fetchall()
questionnaires_status = []
for qr in q_rows:
q = dict(qr)
# 取最新答卷人
latest = conn.execute(
"SELECT user_name, created_at FROM responses WHERE questionnaire_id = ? ORDER BY created_at DESC LIMIT 1",
(q["id"],)
).fetchone()
q["latest_respondent"] = dict(latest) if latest else None
q["completed"] = q["response_count"] > 0
questionnaires_status.append(q)
# 2. 独立测评状态
standalone_rows = conn.execute(
"""SELECT test_name, user_name, result, created_at
FROM standalone_results
ORDER BY created_at DESC"""
).fetchall()
standalone = {"holland": {"completed": False}, "mbti": {"completed": False}}
for r in standalone_rows:
name = r["test_name"]
if not standalone[name]["completed"]:
standalone[name] = {
"completed": True,
"user_name": r["user_name"],
"result": r["result"],
"completed_at": r["created_at"]
}
conn.close()
# 3. 汇总统计
api_completed = sum(1 for q in questionnaires_status if q["completed"])
standalone_completed = sum(1 for s in standalone.values() if s["completed"])
total = 6 # 4 API + 2 standalone
all_completed = (api_completed + standalone_completed) == total
return jsonify({
"total": total,
"completed_count": api_completed + standalone_completed,
"all_completed": all_completed,
"questionnaires": questionnaires_status,
"standalone": standalone,
"updated_at": datetime.now(CST).isoformat()
})
# ==================== 汇总报告 API ====================
@app.route("/api/summary", methods=["GET"])
def generate_summary():
"""
汇总所有已完成问卷和测评的结果,生成可下载的结构化数据
"""
conn = get_db()
# API问卷结果
q_rows = conn.execute(
"""SELECT q.id, q.title, q.target_user, q.description
FROM questionnaires q ORDER BY q.id"""
).fetchall()
questionnaires = []
for qr in q_rows:
q = dict(qr)
responses = conn.execute(
"SELECT user_name, answers, created_at FROM responses WHERE questionnaire_id = ? ORDER BY created_at DESC",
(q["id"],)
).fetchall()
q["responses"] = []
for r in responses:
rd = dict(r)
rd["answers"] = json.loads(rd["answers"])
q["responses"].append(rd)
questionnaires.append(q)
# 独立测评结果
standalone_rows = conn.execute(
"""SELECT test_name, user_name, result, full_data, created_at
FROM standalone_results ORDER BY created_at DESC"""
).fetchall()
standalone = {"holland": None, "mbti": None}
for r in standalone_rows:
name = r["test_name"]
if standalone[name] is None:
standalone[name] = {
"user_name": r["user_name"],
"result": r["result"],
"full_data": json.loads(r["full_data"]) if r["full_data"] else {},
"completed_at": r["created_at"]
}
conn.close()
# 完成统计
q_completed = sum(1 for q in questionnaires if len(q["responses"]) > 0)
s_completed = sum(1 for v in standalone.values() if v is not None)
return jsonify({
"generated_at": datetime.now(CST).isoformat(),
"status": {
"total": 6,
"completed": q_completed + s_completed,
"questionnaires_done": q_completed,
"standalone_done": s_completed
},
"questionnaires": questionnaires,
"standalone_tests": standalone,
"note": "此数据可用于生成志愿填报分析报告。如独立测评(霍兰德/MBTI)未提交,请通过测试页面的提交按钮上传结果。"
})
# ==================== 启动入口 ====================
if __name__ == "__main__":
init_db()
# Flask 开发服务器,生产环境建议用 gunicorn(但 Alpine + 轻量场景 flask run 足够)
app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=5000, debug=False)